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Crusade of Charity: Pius XII and POWs (1939-1945), by Sister Margherita Marchione
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Investigates an important but little-studied aspect of Pope Pius XII's reign: his interaction with prisoners of war and their families who wrote the Vatican seeking help, during World War II.
- Sales Rank: #4634053 in Books
- Published on: 2006-08-04
- Original language: English
- Number of items: 1
- Dimensions: 8.98" h x .73" w x 5.96" l, 1.07 pounds
- Binding: Paperback
- 284 pages
- Pope Pius XII
- World War II
- Prisoners of war
- Heroism
- Communication
Most helpful customer reviews
11 of 11 people found the following review helpful.
Further evidence in favor of Pius XII
By Mark Hennicke
This book is Sister Margherita's latest installment in her ongoing mission to defend the memory of Pope Pius XII against the slander levelled at him for nearly 50 years now. Currently revisionist historians often accuse the late Holy Father of being virtually silent during World War II where the plight of Europe's Jewish population at the hands of Adolf Hitler & the Nazis was concerned. Much of Sister's previous work has been concerned with refuting these claims, which were stirred anew with the release of John Cornwell's book "Hitler's Pope" a few years ago ( I have heard Sr. Marchione refer to Mr. Cornwell as the "spin-master".)
Her work in "Crusade of Charity:Pius XII & POWs" concerns the history of a very specific aspect of Pius XII's work to aleviate the suffering of so many people caused by the horrors of WWII: the Vatican Infromation Office. The office had the awesome responsibilty of answering the millions of requests the Holy Father received seeking news about missing POWs.While the book primarily details the work done on behalf of the loved ones of wartime military prisoners, it also gives much information on many non-combatants as well, including missing civilian family members of the letter writers and refugees whose lives were shattered by the tragedy of the war. This work also included aiding many Jews as well. Sr. Marchione presents one hundred of the heartwrenching stories culled from the tens of millions of letters the office received during the war as examples of how tirelessly the Vatican of Pius XII worked to bring relief to many who felt they had nowhere else to turn. Her attention to detail in documenting the work of the Vatican Information Office is impressive ( she had extensive access to the Vatican Archives ) and this book should be a great help in the debunking of the unwarranted calumny hurled at Pope Pius.
Because "Crusade of Charity:Pius XII & POWs" is an example of nearly flawless historical scholarship ( on page 15 Sister does mis-identify the "Night of the Long Knives" of June 1934 as Kristallnacht, which actually occured in November of 1938 and is commonly known as the "Night of Broken Glass") the writing style can come across as slightly dry, though in this case scholarship should not have been sacrificed to make the book a more entertaining read. Sr. Margherita is dealing with a subject that has for too long be the victim of untruths and sensational lies perpetuated by revisionist historians out to destroy the good name of the Servant of God Pope Pius XII. Her work is to be commended, and her book deserves a wide audience. "Crusade of Charity:Pius XII & POWs" is what good history should be-the truth.A great deal of credit goes to the highly respected catholic publisher Paulist Press for releasing this important book and for helping to keep Sr. Margherita Marchione's work before the public. I highly recommend any of Sister's work on the subject of Pope Pius XII for truth-seekers and history enthusiasts alike.
2 of 2 people found the following review helpful.
Historical Evidence Which Needs More Attention
By James E. Egolf
Eugenio Pacelli (1876-1958)became Pope Pius XII, and Sister Marchione has once again vindicated the historical accuracy of Pope Pius XII's class, compassion toward all, and rare courage. In spite of smears and false accusations, Sister Marchione, Ph D., used bona fide sources and contemporary (contmporary during the time of Pope Pius XII)to refute the baseless smears against Pope Pius XII. Her book titled CRUSADE OF CHARITY dealt with the Herculean efforts of Pope Pius XII and Catholics both religious and laity to relieve the suffering of POWs, displaced victims, etc. This was an enormous task, and Vatican officials did all they could to locate POWs and keep their families informed.
Sister Marchione began this book with a brief account of Pope Pius XII's life. She mentioned that Eugenio Pacelli, again the future Pope Pius XII, befriended the Mendes family who were Jewish and helped Guido Mendes to relocate to Jerusalem to escape persecution. When Eugenio Pacelli was elected Pope on March 2, 1939, the Jewish Press journalists highly praised his election because Jewish men and women knew that he was sympathetic to their plight and worked so hard to help unfortunate victims. As the undersigned mentioned in other reviews, Albert Einstein (1879-1955)highly praised Catholic Church officials in TIME MAGAZINE dated December 23, 1940 (pages 38-41).
Readers should note that Eugenio Pacelli was among the first to condemn National Socialism and Hitler's followers as early as the 1920s. Sister Marchione remarked that Pope Pius XII started the Vatican Information Office in 1939 because Pope Pius XII knew of the terrible events that were to unfold at the beginning of W.W. II. He had his Catholic religious and laity do research re the location of POWs and to keep family members informed and send aid and assistence to POWs and other refugees including those of the Jewish faith. As Jeno Levai, a Jewish historian, noted in his book titled HENGARIAN JEWRY AND THE PAPACY, Pope Pius XII's influence extended into Eastern Europe using encoded orders to get help for unfortunate victims.
Sistern Marchione emphasized that Pope Pius XII had to be discreet. Public protests against the Hitler regime brought retaliation against Catholics and Jews. For example, Dutch Catholic priests and bishops protested German persecution of Jewish people which resulted in ferocious renewed persecution which claimed the life of St. Edith Stein (1891-1942)who was a Carmelite Nun, renowned scholar, etc. She was born Jewish and converted to the Catholic Faith.
As Sister Marchione knew and readers should note, one cannot please everyone. When Pope Pius XII was asked why he was not more outspoken re the Hitler regime, Pope Pius XII remarked that to do so would cost more innocent lives. He also said that the task of Catholic authorities was to save lives rather than save reputation. By 1944, the "Fascists" accused Pope Pius XII of being a Communist, and the Cummunists accused Pope Pius XII of being a Fascist. An interesing quote that summarizes Pope Pius XII' greatness re The Vatican Information Office is, "The very mass of documents... stands as an eloquent testimony of the intensity of the care that the Pope showed on behalf of the human problems that the war brought about throughout the world" (page 45). In an effort to keep family members informed of lost loved ones,by 1943 Pope Pius XII and Vatican officials had 600 workers to locate missing people. This number increase to 885 people by 1947. Not only did Vatican officials keep family members informed, they provided aid. When the Greeks were threatened with famine in the 1940s, Vatican offials provided food and medical help.
The extent of Vatican help via the Vatican Information Office can be gleaned by the areas that got such help which included Italy, France, Germany, Great Britain, Hungary, Romania, Spain, Switerland, Belgium, the Netherlands,Finland, Hungary, Finland, Bulgaria, Slovkia, Croatia, Greece, Malta, Lituania, Latvia, Estonia, Turkery, Canada, the USA, Brazil. Peru, etc. The Vatican officials had the advantage of knowing different languages and had international contacts. The expense of airtime and travel was enormous, but, as Sister Marchione noted, the efforts were never abated nor curtailed.
As readers may know Sister Marchione is a religious for the Religious Teachers Filippini who were involved in Pope Pius XII's efforts to help those who were persecuted. The Relgious Teachers Filippini were helpful among the very poor and dispossessed. These women were tough, kind, resourceful, etc. in evading German and Italian authorities.
As Sister Marchione knows very well, the Catholic efforts to keep family members informed and to help refugees were fraught with danger. Father Monsignor Hugh O'Flaherty ran a clandestine operation to help Italian Jews, potential POWs, etc. which Pope Pius XII highly praised. When Pope Pius XII was threatened with arrest, he scoffed at the danger and was as resolute as ever.
Sister Marchione clearly documented the fact that Pope Pius XII extended help and mercy to those who were persecuted and refugees regardless on which "side of the war" they happened to be. Race, ethnic background, religious status, etc. made no difference. What surprised this reader was the fact that the Red Cross gave little cooperation to Vatican officials, and Sister Marchione noted that Red Cross officials only cared about officers and not "the rank and file" of other POWs. However, Sister Marchione documented the fact that Vatican officials visted the refugees and POWs wherever and whenever they could.
Another surprising anecdote that Sister Marchione noted was the fact that British officials tried to penalize British Catholics by adding special taxes for Catholic schools. As much as the Catholics in Italy did to help escaped British military personnel, British officials should have shown more gratitude, and Vaticnn officals approached Randolph Churchill to intervene to eliminate this unfairness.
Sister Marchione used vast sources. An inscription in praise of Pope Pius XII' efforts in etched in the Museum of History of the Liberation of Rome written by a Jewish curator. Part of the Museum deals with The Vatican Information Office which offered so much help. One of the sadder aspects of Vatican efforts was the refusal of Soviet authorities to cooperate with efforts to locate and help POWs on the Russian Front. What was frustrating was the lack of cooperation of US officials to press the Soviets to cooperate.
Sister Marchione's book has numerous sources re requests to Pope Pius XII and Vatican offials to answer pitiful pleas of loved ones to locate and help POWs, refugees, etc. These requests showed in part the terrible results of war-any war. Yet, there were letters and testimony of those who were helped. For example, Marianne Sann, who is Jewish and resides in New Rochelle, NY, highly praised Pope Pius XII and Catholic officials for the help they gave her. A Kansas family who were Baptists gave the Vatican $22 a month for the assistance the Vatican provided their son during W.W. II.
Sister revealed the intelligence of Pope Pius XII. He was learned in several languages. He was knowledgeable about history. Even before the development of the atomic bomb, he warned of dangers of atomic weapons. Pope Pius XII's class, intelligence, and rare courage are again revealed in this book.
Sister Marchione's book titled CRUSADE OF CHARITY as well as her other books are so well written and documented that they are unanswerable. Catholic bashers avoid her because she easily refutes bias and lying especially in re Pope Pius XII. This reviewer again recommends this book as well Sister Marchione's other books as examples of solid research and good historical writing.
James E. Egolf
July 7, 2012
2 of 2 people found the following review helpful.
The Truth about Pope Pius XII
By Eileen Rupel
Again, Marghetia Marchione hits the nail on the head on the true picture of Pope Pius XII's efforts to save lives and stop the monstrositiy of the Holocaust. With this, and all the other books Marghetia has written about him, I don't know why the Pope has not been canonized. This, and other books by the author, are recommended reading for anyone interested in the behind the scenes efforts that saved so many lives. Wake up, people!
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